Editorial review: October 17, 2026 · Educational guide · Basics
In brief: Start with what bed bugs are, where they hide and which first steps help. We focus on what you can verify and which steps are safe and realistic.
What is a bed bug?
Bed bugs are small, flat insects that feed on blood. Adults are typically reddish brown, wingless and visible without magnification. Their small size and preference for tight hiding places can make a new infestation easy to miss. They are found in homes, hotels, dorms and other places where people rest. A spotless room can have bed bugs; cleanliness does not determine whether they appear.
Where they live
Although the name suggests otherwise, bed bugs do not live exclusively inside mattresses. They can hide in mattress seams, bed frames, headboards, nearby furniture, baseboards and clutter close to sleeping areas. They often stay concealed while people are awake. Their presence cannot be established from a mysterious bite alone.
What to do first
If you spot a suspicious insect, contain a sample or take a sharp photograph and seek identification from a local extension office or qualified pest professional. Inspect the immediate sleeping area, keep belongings from moving between rooms, and document what you find. Avoid buying a cabinet of sprays before knowing what you are treating.
What usually works
Successful control generally combines careful inspection, physical removal, heat where appropriate, ongoing monitoring, and targeted professional or legally labeled pesticide treatment when needed. It can require repeated visits. One product rarely solves a substantial infestation.
What not to do
Do not use gasoline, kerosene or rubbing alcohol to treat a room. Never attempt to heat an entire home with ovens, heaters or fireplaces. Do not discard a mattress reflexively: improperly moving infested furniture can spread the problem. Start with identification and a plan.